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John Philip Sousa
約翰·菲利普·蘇沙 (John Philip Sousa,1854年11月6日-1932年3月6日),美國軍人、作曲家、指揮家,創作過一百首以上的進行曲,被稱為「進行曲之王」(The March King)。 生於華盛頓特區,父親是葡萄牙裔的美國海軍陸戰隊軍樂隊長號手。13歲時父親便讓他也加入該樂團。1892年成立自己的樂團,在美國及世界各地表演自己創作的進行曲。除了進行曲,蘇沙也創作了許多輕歌劇。他還出版過三本小說及一本自傳。 John Philip Sousa (November 6, 1854 – March 6, 1932) was an American composer and conductor of the late Romantic era, known primarily for American military and patriotic marches. Because of his mastery of march composition, he is known as "The March King" or the "American March King" due to his British counterpart Kenneth J. Alford also being known as "The March King". Among his best-known marches are "The Liberty Bell", "The Thunderer", "The Washington Post", "Semper Fidelis" (Official March of the United States Marine Corps), and "The Stars and Stripes Forever" (National March of the United States of America). Sousa's father was Portuguese and Spanish, his father was born in Seville, Spain and his mother of Bavarian ancestry. Sousa began his career playing violin and studying music theory and composition under John Esputa and George Felix Benkert. His father enlisted him in the United States Marine Band as an apprentice in 1868. After departing the band in 1875, Sousa learned to conduct. From 1880 until his death, he focused exclusively on conducting and the writing of marches. He eventually rejoined the Marine Band and served there for 12 years as director. On leaving the Marine Band, Sousa organized his own band. He toured Europe and Australia and developed the sousaphone, a large brass instrument similar to the tuba. On the outbreak of World War I, Sousa was commissioned as a Lieutenant Commander and led the Naval Reserve Band in Illinois. Following his tenure, he returned to conduct the Sousa Band until his death in 1932. |