現在位置 : 國際 > 認識 馬來西亞 - Malaysia
馬來西亞 (Malaysia)
馬來西亞(馬來語:Malaysia),非正式地別稱為馬來西亞聯邦,常簡稱為大馬,馬來西亞位於東南亞,是一個由馬來半島十一州及位於婆羅州北部沙巴、砂拉越兩州所組成的聯邦制國家,另有三個聯邦直轄區(吉隆坡、布城及納閩),全國面積共329,845平方公里。馬來西亞共分為東西兩大部分,之間有南海相隔著:西半部位於馬來半島,常稱為「西馬」,北接泰國,南部隔著柔佛海峽,以新柔長堤和第二通道與新加坡和印尼廖內群島接壤;東半部常被稱為「東馬」,位於婆羅洲島上的北部,南鄰印度尼西亞的加里曼丹,而汶萊國則地處納閩、沙巴和砂拉越之間,由於馬來西亞的地理位置接近赤道,故馬來西亞的氣候屬於亞洲熱帶型雨林氣候。首都吉隆坡,聯邦政府所在地則位於布城。全國人口超過2900萬。 馬來西亞西馬的法定宗教雖為伊斯蘭教,而東馬則是宗教自由,但國民於憲法下西馬享有宗教自由;種族方面,馬來西亞由馬來人、華人、印度人、伊班人、卡達山人及其他少數民族共同組成。 馬來西亞的國家元首稱為最高元首,而政府由國會最大黨或聯盟領袖的首相所領導,政治體制是沿襲自英國的西敏寺制度。外交方面,馬來西亞是聯合國的一分子,也是環印度洋區域合作聯盟、亞洲太平洋經濟合作組織、大英國協、不結盟運動和伊斯蘭會議組織的成員國,同時也是東南亞國協(英語:ASEAN)的創立國之一。主要參與的軍事行動有五國聯合防衛和聯合國維和行動。 |
吉隆坡 (Kuala Lumpur)
吉隆坡 (馬來語、英語:Kuala Lumpur)是馬來西亞的首都兼最大城市,常被簡稱「KL」。據2012年統計,該城市面積達243平方公里(94平方英里),人口約有160萬人。大吉隆坡也稱為巴生河流域,是一個有720萬人的大都會區,也是馬來西亞人口和經濟成長最快速的都會區。 吉隆坡位在馬來半島西岸,為雪蘭莪州環繞。吉隆坡劃轄於吉隆坡聯邦直轄區,為馬來西亞三個聯邦直轄區之一,由聯邦政府直接管轄。 吉隆坡是馬來西亞國會所在地,馬來西亞國家元首的官邸-國家皇宮也位在於此。吉隆坡曾經是聯邦政府行政中心和馬來西亞聯邦法院所在地,但已於1999年遷往布城,部分行政部門(如國防部)仍位在吉隆坡。吉隆坡是首都也是重要大城,是馬來西亞文化、財政與經濟的重心,被評為全球城市。《外交政策》公布2010年全球城市指數,吉隆坡位居第48名,經濟與社會改革相關的2thinknow改革城市指數則位居第67名。 1990年代起,吉隆坡陸續舉辦多場國際體育賽事、政治與文化活動,如1998年的英聯邦運動會與一級方程式賽車巡迴賽。此外,高聳的國油雙峰塔是吉隆坡的著名地標,象徵馬來西亞未來的發展繁榮。 |
Malaysia
Malaysia is a federal constitutional monarchy in Southeast Asia. It consists of thirteen states and three federal territories and has a total landmass of 329,847 square kilometres (127,350 sq mi) separated by the South China Sea into two similarly sized regions, Peninsular Malaysia and Malaysian Borneo. Land borders are shared with Thailand, Indonesia, and Brunei, and maritime borders exist with Singapore, Vietnam, and the Philippines. The capital city is Kuala Lumpur, while Putrajaya is the seat of the federal government. In 2010 the population was 28.33 million, with 22.6 million living on the Peninsula. Malaysia has its origins in the Malay Kingdoms present in the area which, from the 18th century, became subject to the British Empire. The first British territories were known as the Straits Settlements, whose establishment was followed by the Malay kingdoms becoming British protectorates. The territories on Peninsular Malaysia were first unified as the Malayan Union in 1946. Malaya was restructured as the Federation of Malaya in 1948, and achieved independence on 31 August 1957. Malaya united with North Borneo, Sarawak, and Singapore on 16 September 1963, with si being added to give the new country the name Malaysia. Less than two years later in 1965, Singapore was expelled from the federation. Since independence, Malaysia has had one of the best economic records in Asia, with GDP growing an average 6.5% for almost 50 years. The economy has traditionally been fuelled by its natural resources, but is expanding in the sectors of science, tourism, commerce and medical tourism. The country is multi-ethnic and multi-cultural, which plays a large role in politics. The constitution declares Islam the state religion while protecting freedom of religion. The government system is closely modelled on the Westminster parliamentary system and the legal system is based on English Common Law. The head of state is the King, known as the Yang di-Pertuan Agong. He is an elected monarch chosen from the hereditary rulers of the nine Malay states every five years. The head of government is the Prime Minister. The southernmost point of continental Eurasia, Tanjung Piai is in Malaysia, located in the tropics. It is one of 17 megadiverse countries on earth, with large numbers of endemic species. It is a founding member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, the East Asia Summit and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, and a member of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, the Commonwealth of Nations, and the Non-Aligned Movement. |